The transition to democracy in 1989 in Central and Eastern Europe is said to be the achievement of the dissident sector. In Poland the biggest power in the democratization process was the Solidarność trade union. At the same time many smaller grassroots groups from that time remain unnoticed and their influence on the democratization process is underrated. Such grassroots groups were responsible for organizing numerous strikes, campaigns on the issues of environmental protection and many others. They also brought novel protest repertoires and managed to mobilize different sectors of the society. This paper aims at presenting the complex environment of civil society actors in the democratization of Poland as well as presents the broader context for the transformation of 1989: structural preconditions, cleavages within the authorities and main waves of protest events.
EUI SPS - Cosmos Working Paper 2012/0728/09/2020
26/02/2020
12/12/2019
22/07/2019
21/06/2019
18/06/2019
Journal Article - 2021
Monograph - 2021
Special Issue - 2020
Journal Article - 2020
Monograph - 2020
Journal Article - 2020
Monograph - 2020
Journal Article - 2019
Journal Article - 2019
Monograph - 2019